What is SSH?
Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol that enables secure remote logins, command execution, and file transfers over unsecured networks. Replacing older protocols like Telnet and FTP, SSH ensures secure encrypted connections, protecting critical data and infrastructure from unauthorized access.
What Port is Commonly Used for SSH?
SSH commonly uses Port 22. This standard port simplifies configurations but also creates security vulnerabilities when exposed publicly. Attackers routinely scan networks for open SSH ports, leading to risks such as brute force attacks and credential theft.
Why Exposing SSH Ports Increases Security Risks
Exposing SSH ports publicly (such as Port 22) significantly amplifies security threats:
- Brute Force Attacks: Attackers target Port 22 repeatedly, attempting to breach systems with common or weak passwords.
- Credential Compromise: Exposed ports are common entry points for attackers exploiting stolen or weak credentials.
- Potential for Lateral Movement: Once attackers breach initial systems via SSH, they easily move across the internal network, escalating privileges and accessing sensitive data.
Traditional SSH setups often expose organizations unnecessarily, highlighting the importance of secure access methods like Zero Trust.
Challenges with Traditional SSH Clients and VPNs
Traditional SSH access typically relies on client applications such as PuTTY, a widely-used SSH Windows client. Although effective, PuTTY and similar clients present several challenges:
- Dependence on Client Installations: Each endpoint requires software installation and regular maintenance, adding to IT overhead.
- Insecure VPN Setups: Tools like PuTTY often rely on VPNs or IPsec tunnels for remote access, increasing the attack surface due to the broad network access VPNs typically grant.
- Complexity and Administrative Overhead: Managing VPN configurations, IPsec tunnels, and SSH keys involves significant complexity and increases potential misconfigurations.
Due to these risks, organizations seek more secure, streamlined alternatives to traditional SSH clients and VPNs.
Moving Toward Clientless SSH: Simplifying Secure Access
The concept of clientless SSH—accessing SSH via a web browser without local client installations—is gaining popularity due to its convenience and enhanced security. Clientless SSH effectively addresses the problems associated with traditional SSH setups:
- No Software Installation: Users can access SSH directly through their browsers, eliminating the need for installed clients like PuTTY.
- Reduced Complexity: Removes VPN dependencies, significantly simplifying network architecture and management.
- Enhanced Security: Limits attack vectors by preventing public exposure of SSH ports and eliminating reliance on insecure VPN tunnels.
Adopting Zero Trust SSH with Thinfinity Workspace
Thinfinity Workspace delivers robust Zero Trust SSH access, minimizing security risks and operational complexity. Built upon Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) principles, Thinfinity Workspace ensures all users and devices are continuously verified, granting only explicitly defined access.
How Thinfinity Workspace Strengthens SSH Security:
- No Public SSH Port Exposure: By using reverse connection technologies, Thinfinity Workspace eliminates the need to expose Port 22 publicly, greatly reducing the attack surface.
- Clientless SSH via Browser: SSH sessions are initiated directly in browsers without traditional client installations, simplifying endpoint management and eliminating dependency on PuTTY.
- Zero Trust Access Controls: Continuous identity verification combined with Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) ensures every SSH session remains secure.
- Comprehensive Session Auditing: Detailed session recording and auditing capabilities facilitate compliance, monitoring, and security investigations.
Practical Example: From Traditional PuTTY and VPN to Thinfinity Workspace
Imagine an organization historically relying on PuTTY and VPN setups to manage servers spread across multiple environments—cloud services (AWS, Azure, Google Cloud), and on-premises infrastructure.
Traditional Setup and Risks:
- Users installed PuTTY, connecting through VPNs that expose internal networks broadly, increasing complexity and security vulnerabilities.
- Publicly exposed SSH ports frequently subjected the organization to brute force attacks and unauthorized access attempts.
Enhanced Security with Thinfinity Workspace:
Implementing Thinfinity Workspace involves a straightforward process:
- Initial Setup: IT teams configure Thinfinity Workspace to securely connect to internal SSH servers without public port exposure.
- Secure, Browser-based Access: Users authenticate through their browsers with MFA, initiating secure, clientless SSH sessions without VPN complexity.
- Granular Control: IT defines precise access permissions, following the least-privilege principle, drastically reducing security risks.
- Real-Time Monitoring and Compliance: All SSH activities are monitored, logged, and auditable, streamlining compliance and incident response efforts.
Strategic Internal Resources and Further Reading
For further insights into how Thinfinity Workspace and ZTNA principles can secure and simplify remote access, explore these resources from our blog:
The Definitive Guide to Zero Trust RDP: Securing Remote Desktop Access
Learn how Zero Trust principles secure RDP and prevent unauthorized access across your organization.
Building a True Zero Trust Architecture with Thinfinity®
Discover how Thinfinity Workspace supports building a comprehensive, secure Zero Trust infrastructure.
How ZTNA Prevents Ransomware, VPN Hacks, and Social Engineering Attacks.
Gain insights into how Zero Trust Network Access mitigates common threats that plague traditional VPN setups.
A Secure, Zero Trust VNC Alternative for Remote Access.
Explore how Zero Trust principles are effectively applied to secure VNC remote access.
Conclusion
While SSH remains vital for modern IT operations, traditional methods relying on client software and VPN setups expose organizations to unnecessary risks and complexities. Transitioning to a clientless, Zero Trust SSH model using Thinfinity Workspace drastically reduces your organization’s attack surface, simplifies user access, and ensures compliance with stringent security standards.
By leveraging Thinfinity Workspace, your organization takes a critical step toward enhanced cybersecurity, simplified operations, and a more resilient infrastructure.
FAQs
What is SSH, and why is it used?
SSH, or Secure Shell, is a protocol used to securely connect to remote servers and devices, providing encrypted communication for tasks like remote management, file transfers, and command execution.
Which port does SSH typically use?
SSH commonly uses Port 22 by default. However, exposing Port 22 publicly increases vulnerability to cyber-attacks such as brute-force attacks.
Why is exposing Port 22 a security risk?
Exposing Port 22 publicly makes your network susceptible to automated attacks and unauthorized access attempts, potentially leading to data breaches and compromised infrastructure
What are the drawbacks of traditional SSH tools like PuTTY?
Traditional SSH tools like PuTTY require client installations and VPN access, creating management complexity and increasing security risks through exposed network access.
What is clientless SSH access?
Clientless SSH enables secure SSH connections directly through a web browser, removing the need for local software installation and VPN configurations, thus reducing complexity and security risks
How does Zero Trust SSH access improve security?
Zero Trust SSH ensures continuous identity verification, precise access control, and eliminates public exposure of SSH ports, significantly reducing your organization’s attack surface.
Can Zero Trust SSH replace my VPN?
Yes, Zero Trust SSH offers secure remote access without relying on traditional VPNs, improving security, reducing management overhead, and simplifying user access.
How can I start implementing Zero Trust SSH?
Adopt a Zero Trust platform that provides clientless SSH access, identity verification, multi-factor authentication, and granular access controls, ensuring a secure and straightforward transition from traditional VPN-based methods.
